What is an E-Passport???
February 28th, 2009 by techiesE-Passport
We have heard that E-Passports have been introduced for Diplomats. These are yet to be implemented for general public. E-Passports have been succesfully implemented in Many Countries across the globe.
What is E-Passport?
E-Passports are regular passports with Embedded data chips. Data can be read wirefree off the embedded chip by electronic readers within fractions of a second. The Person’s Biometric information and Finger Print can be easily retrieved from the E-Passport. The Embedded chip uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and is called RFID tag. The RFID chips vary widely depending on the areas and platforms of application. Since E-passports contain the RFID tags, they can not be used with the metal cases. The metal interferes the Radio Frequency signals and causes a performance degradation in the devices which use them.
The Story
The E-Passport was introduced in Malaysia in 1998. Since then it had gained consistency and was steadily being implemented around the world by the year 2004. Till now 65 Countries have adopted the technology. However in certain parts of the world such as Europe, there are certain exemptions to this rule. Finger prints of children under the age of 12 and of people having certain disabilities may not be manadated.
The technology
With RFID technology an electronic tag/chip can be placed in products, wildlife or even human beings. RFID tags can be active or passive. An active RFID tag needs a power source in order to be read while the passive one does not need onboard power source because the reader’s RF waves induce the tag into transferring data when they come in close proximity. This is similar to the technology used in smart cards that employees in organizations use to mark their attendance wirelessly. The two main componnents of an RFID chip are an integrated circuit which stores data and an antenna which sends information to an RFID reader when it comes within proximity of one.
Some RFID based devices can be read from quite a distance by a reader and some need to be in close proximity.
Security Issues
The major security issues that needs to be addressed while using an contact less chip to store secure information are skimming, eavesdropping, cloning etc and most importantly authenticating the data written on the chip.
The other issues like forgery are handled by the use of biometrics. Biometrics is the automated means of recognizing a living person through the measurement of distinguishing physiological traits. A biometric template is a machine-encoded representation of the trait created by a computer software algorithm, and it enables comparisons (matches) to be performed to score the degree of confidence that separately recorded traits use to identify (or do not identify) the same person.
ICAO specifies a Logical Data Structure (LDS) to store the data in the chip and Data Authentication & Access Control mechanisms, which help us, address the security related issues like skimming, cloning, etc and help us in achieving the global interoperability of ePassport.
The proposed ePassport solution also caters to the needs of efficient ePassport management by providing modules to handle personalization, updating, and inventory management in the long run.
The feature of ePassport application developed includes:
- 64Kb EEPROM open platform systems using contactless communication, with an ICAO compliant applet that will carry out the biometrics-based authentication.
- Compliant with ICAO LDS-PKI Standard
- ISO 14443 compliant
- Web based system for citizen to apply for e-passport and take appointment
- Capturing the citizen details including digital photograph and biometrics (IRIS and Fingerprint)
- Processing the Passport forms and verification documents to convert them into electronic version
- Personalization application to store citizen data including biometrics into the chip and further manage the lifecycle of the card
- Supports public key certificates for digital signing of passport data (Passive Authentication) to prevent alteration of data.
- Supports Basic Access Control, which ensures document issuing countries privacy protection of their citizens
- Support of Active Authentication prevents document cloning
- Personalization module, which meets mass-issuance needs for data preparation, electrical and graphical features, and key management for electronic passports
- Biometric verification which includes fingerprint and Iris verification
- Allows interoperability between multiple platforms, and enables post- issuance functionalities
Anyway, the global implementation of the E-Passports can bring down the misuse of passports and identity pretty much.
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